Foundation 4: Sulphur
Published on
4 February 2025
Written by
Hugo Nankivell
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Sulphur (S) is an industrial and agricultural commodity, playing a role in the production of sulphuric acid, important to global fertiliser manufacturing. It is a component in the production of phosphate-based fertilisers such as DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) and MAP (Monoammonium Phosphate), both of which support sustained global agricultural productivity. Beyond agriculture, Sulphur is used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and metal processing, underscoring its broad industrial significance.
Applications in Agriculture
In fertiliser production, sulphur is used as a plant nutrient, enhancing nitrogen efficiency, enzyme activity, and protein synthesis in crops. It also plays a role in the phosphate fertiliser supply chain, linking it directly to food security and global agricultural output. With rising food demand, the need for Sulphur in fertiliser production continues to grow
Production and Global Market Dynamics
Sulphur is primarily recovered as a byproduct of crude oil and natural gas refining, making its availability dependent on global energy production. Geopolitical shifts, environmental regulations, and refinery maintenance cycles impact supply and pricing. China remains the world’s largest Sulphur consumer, driven by its expansive fertiliser production and industrial usage. Market trends are also shaped by major oil and gas producers, whose output dictates global supply levels.
Current Market Trends – January 2025
North America: Prices remain stable. The Q4 2024 market was bullish due to supply chain disruptions, strikes at Canadian ports, rail delays, and reduced refinery output.
Europe: Reduced demand and improved supply.
Northeast Asia: Prices hold firm, driven by strong fertiliser sector demand, particularly in China.
Global Outlook: The Sulphur market is projected to grow from around USD 6 billion in 2024 to near USD 8 billion by 2032, with a 4% CAGR, led by Asia-Pacific’s 34% market share.
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